Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in humans. C. trachomatis is only found in humans(1). Chlamydia is a major infectious cause of human genital disease. Chlamydia infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide(2).

C. trachomatis is naturally found living only inside human cells. Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. Between half and three-quarters of all women who have a chlamydia infection of the neck of the womb (cervicitis) have no symptoms and do not know that they are infected. In men, infection of the urethra (urethritis) is usually symptomatic, causing a white discharge from the penis with or without pain on urinating (dysuria). Occasionally, the conditions spreads to the upper genital tract in women (causing pelvic inflammatory disease) or to the epididymis in men (causing epididymitis). If untreated, chlamydial infections can cause serious reproductive and other health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences.

(1) “www.chlamydiae.com (professional) - Taxonomy diagram”, www.chlamydiae.com/docs/Chlamydiales/diagram/taxondiag.htm, retrieved on 2007-10-27.

(2) Gerbase AC, Rowley JT, Mertens TE (1998), “Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases”, Lancet 351 Suppl 3: 2–4.

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