Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a pathogenic bacterial species of the genus Mycobacterium and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is a common and severe infectious disease that usually attacks the lungs but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, bones, joints, and even the skin.

Other mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium canetti, and Mycobacterium microti also cause tuberculosis, but these species are less common.

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