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ENA Screen is a serology test to detect IgG autoantibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs), which is a subgroup of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) which do not readt with chromatin. ENA screen is usually used following a positive result in an...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the Herpetoviridae family (HHV4). It spreads mainly through air-borne transmission or direct contact; the incubation period is 1-2 months. EBV is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and it is also...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the Herpetoviridae family (HHV4). It spreads mainly through air-borne transmission or direct contact; the incubation period is 1-2 month. EBV is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and it is also...
Chlamydiae are gram-negative bacteria, obligate intracellular parasites. Among them, Chlamydia pneumoniae is the most widespread species in the human population and can cause respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia. In recent years, the number of...
Helicobacter pylori is a key pathogenic factor in infection of the gastric mucosa, particularly in the pyloric antrum and duodenum. It causes B-type chronic gastritis which may evolve in gastric ulcers or the atrophy of stomach lining. Moreover, it...