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The centromere is the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids. Centromere proteins may become a target for anti-centromere antibodies (ACA). Most frequently, the autoimmune reaction is directed against CENP A (17 kDa), CENP B (80 kDa), or CENP C...
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute inflammatory protein that increases up to 1,000-fold at sites of infection or inflammation. CRP is accepted in clinical use as a major, although rather non-specific, marker of local or systemic inflammation, bacterial...
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a highly specific biomarker for severe bacterial infections and is superior to other inflammatory markers. Under normal conditions, it is produced in thyroid C-cells and is barely detectable in the blood. During bacterial...
MxA plays a key role in host defense against viral infection by acting directly on viral particles (RNA, DNA) in the cell and is involved in the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum. Elevated blood MxA levels are due to the presence of viruses in the...
NT-proBNP concentration is a quantitative plasma biomarker for the presence and severity of hemodynamic cardiac stress and heart failure (HF). Current guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure recommend the use of NT-proBNP as an...
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV, Human Herpesvirus 5, HHV 5) is a member of the Herpetoviridae family. In humans, it is mainly transmitted by the respiratory apparatus or urogenital tract. The disease is usually asymptomatic or mild, the latent infection can...
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 are members of the Herpesviridae family. Infection with HSV is common among the population. HSV transmission most frequently occurs through direct contact with a lesion or mucosal surface, or mucosal contact with...
Cystatin C is a small protein ubiquitously expressed at a constant rate and freely filtered by the glomerulus. The CKD-EPI cystatin C equation demonstrated a good correlation with measured GFR in patients with all common causes of kidney disease,...